Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth’s continental crust, after feldspar. Its crystal structure is a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each quartz makes an excellent gemstone. It is hard, durable and usually accepts a brilliant polish.
Quartz is one of the most well-known minerals on earth. Quartz is also the most varied of all minerals, occurring in all different forms, habitats, and colours.
Granite is an igneous rock with at least 20% quartz and up to 65% alkali feldspar by volume. Granite has been intruded into the crust of the Earth during all geologic periods, although much of it is of Precambrian age. Granitic rock is widely distributed throughout the continental crust and is the most abundant basement rock that underlies the relatively thin sedimentary veneer of the continents.
Granite is nearly always massive (lacking any internal structures), hard and tough, and therefore it has gained widespread use throughout human history, and more recently as a construction stone.
Marble is a rock resulting from metamorphism of sedimentary carbonate rocks that may be foliated or non-foliated. Marble is commonly used for sculpture and as a building material.
Metamorphism causes variable recrystallization of the original carbonate mineral grains. The resulting marble rock is typically composed of an interlocking mosaic of carbonate crystals. Primary sedimentary textures and structures of the original carbonate rock (protolith) have typically been modified or destroyed.
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